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The Process of Moral Decision Making in Medical Profession
KOŽNAROVÁ, Klára
Bachelor thesis is focused on the decision-making process of doctors in moral dilemma situations. The theoretical part is engaged in the principles of medical ethics, also in defining the concepts of moral dilemma and moral integrity. Furthermore, it pays attention to present findings in the field of decision-making process besides the research of the moral distress experience. The practical part describes basic characteristics of decision-making in situations, that are viewed as dilemmatic by specific doctors with obstetrics and gynecology specialization. It also presents two models of doctor's moral decision-making which are founded on the first-person and third-person point of view. Followingly, the theory of moral (dis)integrity of doctors in dilemmatic situations was formed. The designed model of grounded theory originates from in-depth interview with five doctors with obstetrics and gynecology specialization.
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Euthanasia - differences of opinion from the viewpoint of high school students and people of the generation older
KOCÁBOVÁ, Ivana
Euthanasia is still a topical and highly controversial issue in the Czech Republic. On the one hand - that is, the argumentation for - is perceived as a request for killing out of regret and get rid of suffering, on the other hand - the argument against it - is more associated with belief and fear of its abuse. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains researches from available sources, the practical part illustrates opinions of different age groups on euthanasia issues. The research was conducted using the questionnaire method. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find what they think about this the students of secondary schools, as well as their parents and possibly grandparent.
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Ethical aspects of assisted reproduction as a challenge to the social worker´s action
ŠVECOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis deals with the issue of assisted reproduction, the definition of methods and its ethical issues. It defines infertility as a medical but also social problem. It focuses on the principles of social work and describes its ethical nature. In this way, it links the medical problem with the social problem and emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary cooperation. The thesis draws attention to the human being as a patient in the process of assisted reproduction, compares the current situation in the Czech Republic with selected foreign practices and defines the possibilities of the social worker in health care and its importance. The work is shaped by theoretical background with emphasis on current health statistics supplemented by sources of foreign practice.
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Continuity of Hospices and Hospitals
Šottová, Barbora ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
This work deals with continuity of inpatient hospices and hospitals in the Czech Republic. In this issue i examine the status of inpatient hospices in the health system and in the social system, reflecting the taboo of death in continuity of care and alternatives of education in palliative care. The work consists of three main parts. The first part involves determining the aims of the work, a description of research methods, theoretical and value foundations and definition of basic terms associated with hospice care. In the second part i focus on the reflection of current situation of hospices in the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of documents i describe the funding and legislative basis for hospices. The third part is based on qualitative research. Using expert survey, i examined the views of professionals working in hospices. i also analyze the gained knowledge and divide it into individual topics. The key findings include that the interviewed experts evaluate the continuity of hospices and hospitals as affirmative. Capacity of hospices and funding are ceasing to be the main problems. However in the Czech Republic is absence of system of palliative care and the integration of palliative care into general medical disciplines.
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Fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law
Jedličková, Anetta ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Prudký, Libor (referee) ; Strnadová, Věra (referee)
The subject of my dissertation is fraud in clinical trials in terms of ethics and law. The aim of my research was to analyze the frequency of fraud in clinical trials of a given sample of data collected, identify the main fraudsters and to analyze the causes that led participants in clinical trials to commit fraud. In the theoretical part of my dissertation I defined the concepts of clinical trials, deception, ethical issues and the relevant legal framework. The practical part contains the results of the data analysis of the incidence and causes of fraud, the main actors of fraud and conception of recommendations, which appears to be essential for the prevention of fraud in clinical trials. The data analysis and participant observation show that during 107 GCP (Good Glinical Practice) audits conducted during the period of 2008-2013 in 22 countries, 14 revelations of fraud in clinical trials were identified, which represents 13.1 %. Most often fraud was committed by investigators, a total of 47.6 % of all observed groups of cheating clinical trial participants. The main causes that led investigators to commit fraud represent a lack of eligible patients, financial gain and personality traits. Based on the results obtained during my research I highlighted in the practical part of my dissertation the ethical...
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Ethical problems in perioperative care and their impact on patient safety
Wichsová, Jana ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Munzarová, Marta (referee) ; Fontánová, Anna (referee)
The dissertation examines the ethics of staff in perioperative care. The aim was to analyze the errors that occur during surgery, to determine the participants in perioperative care who commit these mistakes, and to analyze the reasons why these errors occur. The theoretical part deals with the concept of security from different perspectives of patient safety in surgery, and the international guidelines that direct it. The situation in the Czech Republic in terms of care for patient safety in surgery is also described. One chapter deals with the autor's internship in operating rooms in Sweden. Using the results of observations, the empirical part of the dissertation analyzes the actual behaviour of staff in perioperative care during surgery against the binding documents that ensure safe perioperative care. It also sets out the reasons that lead to non-compliance of health and safety regulations in perioperative theatres. In conclusion, I suggest steps that would help to improve the situation. Key words Perioperative care, safety, security, pacient pafety, medical ethics, nursing ethics
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Ethical issues in connection with patient and physician involvement in clinical research
Norková, Olga ; Haškovcová, Helena (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jedličková, Anetta (referee)
(in English): The subject of my dissertation is the decision of the subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. The aim of this disseration is to detect and understand the ethical aspects of decision making of subjects with oncological diseases to participate in the early phase of clinical trial. In the theoretical part of my dissertation, I define the field of clinical research, describe the phases of clinical research and ethical codes important for clinical research. The current ethical dilemmas related to the participation of subjects in the early phase of clinical trial, which are being discussed by the professional public, are presented. The research part contains the results of interviews with seventeen respondents whose content correlates with the aim of the research part and it is to understand the decision- making of subjects to participate in the early phase of clinical trial in terms of subjectively constructed realities, which are different for individual respondents. The results of the research show that fourteen respondents identified one of the most important aspects of the decision-making to participate in the early phase of clinical trial of the recommendation of principal investigator and trust in a physician. Twelve respondents stated the most frequent reason...
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Ethical context of resource allocation with regard to the possibilities and limits of chronic dialysis treatment
Dingová Šliková, Martina ; Jedličková, Anetta (advisor) ; Dusilová Sulková, Sylvie (referee) ; Rosina, Jozef (referee)
The main theme of the dissertation work are allocations of sources in regular dialysis treatment in ethical context. The aim of the work is detection, description and understanding to ethical problems forming in context with questionable allocation of sources in regular dialysis treatment. The theoretical part of the work is concentrated on mapping above mentioned problems from various point of view. By the help of analysis of pertinent literature it is referred to historical determination and social-economic context of difficult allocation of rare sources in health service, which subsequently caused development of specific ethical problems in clinical practice of dialysis treatment. Above mentioned ethical problems are discussed chronologically, namely from the first using of a dialysis device up to now, when this therapy is considered to be a standard clinical method. The practical part of the work contains results of high-quality research, the aim of which was to explore the experience of respondents with allocation of resources in regular dialysis treatment and so in ethical context. The dates for the research were obtained by the help of expert dialogues, the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to the analysis of dates. The results of the research is the interpretation...
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Approaches of healthcare professionals toward the ethical aspects of extremely preterm infants' treatment
Šimečková, Barbora ; Růžička, Michal (advisor) ; Povolná, Pavla (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the attitudes of neonatologists and nurses to the ethical aspects of the treatment of extremely immature infants. The aim was to capture and interpret the attitudes of health professionals to the ethical issues of intensive neonatal care and their role in the decision-making process. The data were gathered through qualitative methodology using semi-structured and informal interviews with five neonatologists and five nurses. Data analysis was performed using open coding and data categorization. The results of the research are presented in individual categorical units by interpreting and retelling the received information. In conclusion, the attitudes of health professionals to selected ethical problems and the roles of individual members of the multidisciplinary team in decision-making about treatment procedures are discussed separately. The evaluation of results leads to the formulated recommendations for practice, which include several proposed solutions to the interpersonal problems associated with ethical issues of care for immature infants. Key words: immature infant, medical ethics, ethical decision making, perinatology, nursing, qualitative approach, interviews
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The casuistry as a tool for a solving of ethically difficult physicians' decisions
Moravec, Martin ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The casuistical manner of dealing with ethical issues goes as far as to the antiquity, and afterwards it was considerably developed in Christianity. Nevertheless from the half of the 17th century it was criticized because of abusing and due to the supposedly "unscientific" character and subsequently it has been abandoned. The ridiculous criticism of Blaise Pascal in his "Provincial Letters" has presented the casuistry as a way in which it is possible to justify almost any behaviour and this evaluation has remained up to the present day. In the same era the mathematization of natural sciences has led to impressive successes and the similar mathematical exactness was expected also in other fields of the human knowledge. Also ethics was concerned with seeking such abstract general principles, which were supposed to describe, cover and explain the whole field of morality. The value of casuistry was seen only as an illustration of such principles in an individual case. In my diploma thesis I attempted to rehabilitate the casuistry as an ethical method. I discussed the book of American authors Albert R. Johnes and Stephen Toulin "The Abuse of Casuistry" from the year 1988. The presentation of this publication is one of purposes of my thesis. Then I examined the casuistry as an ethical method in cases of...
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